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M&E Fundamentals: A Self-Guided Minicourse
January 2007
Nina Frankel, Anastasia Gage
MEASURE Evaluation, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
When you read that the prevalence of low birth weight in a country is 20%, have you ever wondered how this calculation was derived?
Or when you hear that the percentage of married women of reproductive age in a rural area using a modern contraceptive method rose from 52% to 73%, do you wonder how people know this?
These types of statistics and other similar information result from “monitoring and evaluation” or “M&E” efforts. M&E is the process by which data are collected and analyzed in order to provide information to policy makers and others for use in program planning and project management.
Monitoring of a program or intervention involves the collection of routine data that measure progress toward achieving program objectives. It is used to track changes in program performance over time. Its purpose is to permit stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding the effectiveness of programs and the efficient use of resources.
Monitoring is sometimes referred to as process evaluation because it focuses on the implementation process and asks key questions:
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How well has the program been implemented?
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How much does implementation vary from site to site?
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Did the program benefit the intended people? At what cost?
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